The principle of operation of a metalworking machine

It is customary to use metalworking machines for processing metal parts.

This machine tool equipment is divided into 3 types – turning, milling and gear milling.

How the machine works

Regardless of the type of this equipment, its main components are: The bed is the basic element of any metalworking machine.

It consists of two vertical ribs, between which there are transverse crossbars that provide the necessary rigidity and stability of the structure.

Legs are used for mounting the frame.

The number of support elements made in the form of a pedestal depends on the dimensions of the bed.

Due to the peculiarities of its design, the legs of the bed are often used as a place to store the tools used.

Another important element of metalworking machines is considered to be the headstock, used for the arrangement of mechanisms that are designed to support and rotate parts during processing.

Its main component is considered to be the spindle, on which 2 bearings are mounted.

The quality of the parts processing depends on this node.

It is worth mentioning separately about the support, which is responsible for the movement of the tool holder with the inserted tool in a given direction – transverse, inclined or longitudinal.

The presence of this structural element frees the hands of the turner from the need to hold a working tool.

How the machine works

The principle of operation of this device is that a working tool is mounted on the tailstock.

In turn, the headstock moves along the rails of the bed at a distance that is determined by the size of the workpiece.

The caliper is located between the rear and front headstock.

During the workpiece processing, the carriage moves along the rails, thereby ensuring the movement of the cutter along the workpiece.

Various types of tool holder are used for processing workpieces.

The choice of one or another option depends on the material of manufacture of the part and the level of load on the tool.

If the task facing the turner is not too difficult, a single holder is usually used.

It is worth adding that on modern models of metalworking machines, it is customary to use stable cutter heads that can withstand the simultaneous load of 4 tools.

For comfortable operation with the machine, a special control panel is used, which allows you to fully control the production process of parts.

The layout of the controls should be such that they are easily accessible and distinguishable.

07 December 2018

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