Cooling lubricants ensure tool durability, reduce energy consumption during the cutting process and have a positive effect on machining accuracy.
, Lubricants and coolants ensure tool durability, reduce energy consumption during the cutting process and have a positive effect on processing accuracy during milling, when processing material with blade and abrasive tools.
During the cutting process, coolant has a cooling effect on the working tool, its temperature decreases with increased durability and uptime, which is especially important in large-scale production.
In addition, the cooling mixture has an effect on reducing the temperature deformations of the workpiece, on which the dimensions and shape of the machined part depend.
Coolant characteristics Due to the high-quality lubricating properties of coolant are often used to reduce the friction force between the cutting element and the edge surfaces of the tool, as well as friction inside the metal layer being cut.
The chemical composition of some coolant helps to reduce friction and cutting.
Mixtures of the surface-active type are characterized by increased adsorption properties (as a result of strong coupling with a metal surface, an oil film is formed, reducing the friction force).
Additives that have an active effect on the metal surface have a wedging effect.
A number of studies have made it possible to establish that the structure of the above surfactants has elongated molecules penetrating microcracks on the metal surface.
Their action inside such cracks is similar to a wedge (the bonds of metal particles are weakened).
As a result, the liquid "helps" to separate the cut layer from the main piece of metal.
At the same time, the coolant will facilitate the process of moving metal particles along the resulting sliding planes.
For example, at the stage of milling a steel billet, the power spent on cooling the cutting area with oil is reduced to 30-40%.
The simplest means for cooling cutting is water with the addition of a small amount of soda (a reliable rust guard for the part and the machine).
Along with this, soda destroys the structure of paint and varnish materials, this fact should be taken into account during processing.
Special emulsions are actively used in the field of mechanical engineering.
The emulsion is presented in the form of a dispersed two-phase system, which is a mixture of two liquids.
The peculiarity is that one liquid is distributed over another in the form of small spherical grains.
Water emulsions, which include water and mineral oil, often act as coolant.
In order for the drops to have a spherical shape, not to "stick together" with each other, an important component is added to the consistency - an emulsifier.
This substance envelops the droplets with an invisible protective film.
A common example of an emulsifier is soap.
Soda water and emulsion have a number of differences.
For example, the latter not only cools the cut area, but also has excellent lubricating properties.
As a result, the metal surface will be well moistened, which will reduce the friction that occurs between the tool and the metal.
If an organophosphate compound of chlorine or sulfur is added to the mixture (they have a pronounced wedging effect), the cutting process will be facilitated, and the durability of the tool will increase.
Industrial production cannot do without the blackened oil — sulfofresol.
Its production is based on machine or salt oil with a slight addition of sulfur.
Science does not stand still, and today more effective lubricants and coolants are being actively developed, the characteristic representatives of which are mineral oils with additives and improved emulsion compositions (emulsifiers).
09 Martha 2017
